medical involvement in torture | Americans | Soviets | Argentinians | Chileans | South Africans | death certificates, false | death in custody | Hippocratic oath | apartheid | Biko, Steve | cases | drug development | Cold War | psychiatrists | psychiatric abuse | drug administration, non-therapeutic | torture method development | Islamic law | Muslims | medical involvement in torture classification | medical participation in executions | amputation, punitive | prisoners of war | military medical personnel | medical participation in punishments | counterinsurgencies | Cold War | British | Japanese | human experimentation | euthanasia | concentration camps | prison medical personnel | Danes | Germans | Nazi doctors | World War 2 | slavery | medical supervision of torture | impalement | corporal punishment | whipping [torture method] | interrogation | judicial torture | torturer characteristics | medical ethics | historical aspects of torture | medical participation in torture | universal
